Today in Boxing History: Cassius Clay born in Louisville
On this day in 1942, Cassius Marcellus Clay was born in Louisville, Kentucky. The fighter, who would change his name to Muhammad Ali shortly after winning the heavyweight title, is the most influential athlete of the past 50 years.
After bringing home a gold medal as a light heavyweight at the 1960 Summer Olympics, he turned professional and won his first 19 bouts. It earned him a shot at heavyweight champion Sonny Liston in February of 1964. Few sportswriters gave the challenger, then known as the “Louisville Lip,� a chance at winning and he was an 8-1 underdog in the days before the bout. However, Clay shocked everyone at ringside, evading Liston’s haymakers and landing several critical punches throughout the fight. Liston retired on his stool at the beginning of the seventh round because of an injured shoulder. At just a little over 22 years old, Clay was the heavyweight champion of the world.
Shortly after the bout, Clay joined the Nation of Islam and changed his name to Muhammad Ali. He knocked out Liston in the first round in their rematch in the 1965, and then cleaned out the heavyweight division, successfully defending his belt eight times.
In late 1967, Ali refused to be drafted to fight in the Vietnam War, citing his religious beliefs. He was stripped of his heavyweight title and was convicted of rejecting induction into the U.S. Army. He also did not receive a boxing license from any state for three years. During that time, he supported himself by speaking at universities and through other ventures, such as a staged fight with Rocky Marciano and the short-lived Broadway musical, “Buck White.�
In 1970, the Georgia and New York athletic commissions allowed Ali to return to the ring. He reeled off wins against Jerry Quarry and Oscar Bonavena before facing undisputed heavyweight champion Joe Frazier in March of 1971. “Smokin’� Joe had won the title in Ali’s absence and their match-up was one of the most anticipated bouts in boxing history. The bout lived up to its hype, but after 15 action-packed rounds, Frazier was awarded the decision.
Shortly after the bout, the U.S. Supreme Court overturned Ali’s conviction. He immediately began pursuing a rematch with Frazier, ridding the division of all contenders in the process. After the Frazier loss to 1971, Ali’s only other loss was a split decision to Ken Norton in March of 1973, which he avenged later that year.
Frazier lost his belt to George Foreman via a savage second-round stoppage in January of 1973. This led to Ali and Frazier facing each other in a title eliminator bout in early 1974. This time, Ali won the decision and signed to face Foreman in Zaire in 1974. Like his first bout with Liston, most boxing aficionados worried for Ali’s health going into the “Rumble in the Jungle,� and once again, Ali shocked them all. This time, he employed his rope-a-dope method to wear down Foreman before knocking him out in the eighth round.
As the champion, Ali faced Frazier for a rematch in the Philippines in 1975. Billed as the “Thrilla in Manila,� the grueling fight was one of the greatest in history. Both fighters administered more punishment on each other than any man should ever suffer. Before the start of the 15th round, Frazier’s trainer, Eddie Futch, stopped the fight because of visibility-diminishing swelling around Frazier’s eyes.
Ali’s second run as heavyweight champion was one of the most successful, and controversial, in history. The run included defenses against Chuck Wepner, Ron Lyle, Frazier, Jimmy Young, Norton, and Ernie Shavers. However, it was apparent to all fans that Ali’s skills and health were deteriorating and there were many cries through the media for him to retire during this period.
In February of 1978, an out-of-shape Ali lost his title to Leon Spinks by unanimous decision. He returned to the ring more prepared seven months later and won his championship back with a smart and well-managed decision of Spinks.
Ali retired in 1979, vacating his title. He made two unsuccessful attempts to return to the ring before retiring for good in 1981. Since then, he has served as an elder statesman to the sport and as a national symbol for humanitarianism. He was inducted into the International Boxing Hall of Fame in 1990.
There are many testaments to Ali’s influence. Among them are the Muhammad Ali Center in Louisville, Sports Illustrated’s naming of Ali as “Athlete of the Century,� and Time’s listing of Ali as one of the “100 Most Important People of the 20th Century.�